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6-MBOA occurred in dried corn leaves at levels suitable for human consumption.
Samples averaged 10 mg/g 6-MBOA, with individual samples assaying as follows :
8, 9, 10, 10, and 12 mg/g 6-MBOA. At such concentrations, less than two grams
dried corn leaves are needed to make up a daily human dose. This makes corn
leaves, as uniquely grown, harvested and dried herein, a suitable source of
compounds of the invention. For comparisonal purposes, leaves from plants grown
more than 8 weeks were analyzed for 6 MBOA. Virtually none was present.
Previous work by the inventors indicated that higher levels of the compounds of
the invention are associated with multiple biochemical parameters that indicate
crop quality or adequacy with respect to the compounds of the invention. In
those plants containing compounds of the invention at concentrations suitable
for human use total phenols are at concentrations greater than 17. 0 mg/gm (dry
weight) but combined amounts of hydroxy-cinnamic acid
and4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid total no more than 1. 5 mg/gm (dry weight),
as determined through chromatography. For invention, the above mentioned
parameters for total phenols and combined amounts of 4-hydroxycinnamic acid
and4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid are instituted here as elements of the
invention as it pertains to plants. For the corn leaf samples of FIG. 4, total
phenols averaged 19. 1 mg/gm and the cumulative total for cinnamic acids
averaged 0. 9 mg/gm.
Example 5
Compounds of the Invention from Parts of Animals
The main food of deer and elk (Cervidae) for most of the year is browse, the
growing tips of low-growing, woody plants. However, casting of hard antlers from
the previous year coincides with a spring flush in natural pasturage and an
accompanying shift to a diet of grasses, chiefly sprouting and immature ones.
Such grasses are at developmental stages in which 6-MBOA and related compounds
are most prevalent.
After casting, new antlers begin their development. These growing antlers are
nourished by blood vessels from a covering of skin, called velvet. An antler
grows from the tip with tissue laid down as the tip advances. A velvet antler
tip has a soft cartilaginous internal structure and high fat content,
contrasting the rest of the antler with its ossified cartilage and little fat.
Air-dried and freeze-dried velvet antler samples were obtained. These came from
commercially farmed Canadian Wapiti and New Zealand red deer, both subspecies of
elk, Cervus elaphus. All animals had been maintained on grassy pasturage.
The samples were from velvet antlers that had been growing 55 to 65 days, and
included both tips, defined as the region 5 cm or less in length starting at the
apex, as well as other, more matured parts of the antler.
For each sample of dried antler, a one-gram portion was homogenized in 10-ml
distilled water, incubated at25 C for 1 hour, boiled for 30 min, and then
centrifuged for 10 min at 3600 rpm. The resulting supernatant was extracted 3
times with 10 ml reagent-grade dichloromethane per extraction. The three
extracts were combined and allowed to air dry, after which the dried residue was
stored in a tightly stoppered glass tube.
The dried residue was analyzed for 6-MBOA by gas-chromatographic mass
spectroscopy. A Dupont Model DP 102 device with an integrator and a SP2250 GC
column isothermal at200 C (Dupont, Wilmington, DE) was used. A standard curve
for 6-MBOA was obtained using 0. 06-, 0.60-and 1. 20-, ug injections of pure,
synthetic 6-MBOA (Sigma,
Saint Louis, MO) in methanol solution and was reproducible at a 5% level.
Results are shown in FIG. 6. 6-MBOA was present in all tip samples, with little
or none present in those from the more matured parts of the antler. Notably,
amounts of 6-MBOA from velvet antler tips exceeded those typically found in
grasses less than a week after sprouting, the stage of growth with the most
6-MBOA (Epstein et al., "Dynamics of methoxybenzoxazolinone in winter wheat :
effects of photoperiod and temperature", Journal of Chemical Ecology, 12 :
2011-2021, 1986). These results show that ingested 6-MBOA is accumulated or
concentrated in velvet antler tips, and as such represent a means for obtaining
the compounds of the invention in concentrations suitable for human use.
Many animals eat grasses and other monocotyledenous plants. Such animals may
also be accumulating compounds of the invention in body parts, most likely in
those characterized by high fat contents. Obtaining compounds of the invention
from body parts other than the antlers of elk and deer and from animals other
than elk or deer are not precluded from invention.
While specific dose levels are used in the Examples, these are merely examples
and effective dose levels may vary to a large extent, and preferred dose levels
may vary with the conditions being treated and the size or sex of the person
being treated. Dose levels do not appear to be critical as long as an effective
amount is given.
Whereas this invention is here illustrated and described with reference to
embodiments thereof presently contemplated as the best mode of carrying out such
invention in actual practice, it is to be understood that various changes may be
made in adapting the invention to different embodiments without departing from
the broader inventive concepts disclosed herein and comprehended by the claims
that follow.
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These dream catchers are not intended to diagnose nor treat nor cure any
disease or illnes
© 2007, Allen
Aslan Heart / White Eagle Soaring of the Little Shell Pembina Band,
aTreaty
Tribe of the Ojibwe Nation.
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