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The Native
American Discovery of Europe before Columbus
Our stories of the Seventh Prophecy tell us that the Ojibwe
people once lived along the Atlantic Ocean in what is now New Foundland,
Nova Scotia, Maine and as far south as Virginia. Many histories commonly
tell of the visits of men of the light-skinned race to this area as early as
1000 AD. But long before this it was Native Americans who had visited
Europe, Ireland as far as the North Sea. In around 1470 Native Americans,
at least a man and a woman, had landed
in Galway Bay, Ireland and Christopher Columbus spoke with them. This is the
knowledge that made Columbus so certain that he could sail westward across
the Atlantic and find another land. He thought it would be the Orient and
India. He later learned many other sources to support this concrete evidence
but the firstperson testimony of these Native American explorers was "hard
evidence" that anchored all of his research.
The books that Columbus read also referred to "Indians" who
had landed in Germany with merchandise. In his copy of Aeneas' Historia
rerum he wrote:
If it was a great distance [from India to Germany] the
vessels could not pass without ill fortune; but this proves that it is near
at hand.
He also wrote in the margins of his copy of Historia,
People from Katayo came towards the east. We saw many notable
things, and specifically in Galway, Ireland, a man and his wife.
We can see from his notations that Columbus learned of the
relatively short distance to exotic, unknown lands westward across the
Atlantic. The mythical "courage" that has been assumed was actually an
assurance that was the result of his contact with Native Americans who had
survived a crossing of the Atlantic from the west. Therefore, he knew he
would survive a crossing of the Atlantic from the east to the west. He just
thought it would be China and India and was very confused when he arrived in
the New World.
In
THE AMERICAN DISCOVERY OF EUROPE,
Jack D. Forbes writes:
American history does not begin in
Europe, nor does it commence with Columbus' voyage of 1492 nor even with
the Viking explorations five centuries earlier. According to THE
AMERICAN DISCOVERY OF EUROPE America, north and south, have long been
populated by intensely adventurous and inventive people who were
themselves explorers, colonists, and developers of civilizations.
The First Americans explored and settled
the entire American hemisphere including each and every inhabitable
island, a story of epic proportions.
THE AMERICAN DISCOVERY OF EUROPE takes up
the saga of American travel and exploration in ancient times . The
primary focus of this work is to present evidence relating to American
voyages to European waters from about 9000 years ago to the fourteenth
and fifteenth centuries of our own era.
The story of Native American voyages and
adventures in the Caribbean and Atlantic, some going back perhaps
thousands of years, can be seen as part of a revolution taking place in
the very notion of what constitutes the history of the Americas. Here we
see the Original Americans as being actors in the drama of human
history, as discoverers in fact ( a title seldom heretofore reserved for
them).
Readers may be amazed at the information
about American maritime activity, with advanced sea-going cultures
extending back in time to at least 7,500 years ago in the area of
northeastern New England through Labrador (where, apparently, the first
toggle-headed harpoons were used anywhere on earth). The Atlantic
Seaboard generally, southward to Brazil, and the Caribbean region,
provide evidence of vital sea-going cultures largely unknown to modern
historians and the general public. But also the Inuit or Eskimo-related
peoples of the Greenland region provide data indicating superb maritime
accomplishments, including the circumnavigation of Greenland and
navigation in difficult polar waters, extending apparently to the North
Sea of Europe.
The arrival of Americans in Europe before
1492 suggests that a revision of American history is in order. Not only
did Columbus himself respond directly to contact with a man and a woman
whom he met in Ireland in c. 1477, after their voyage from the west, but
the evidence of other arrivals was cited by the European cosmographers
who influenced navigators seeking a sea route to the west.
The American story in Europe also
includes the very substantial numbers of Indigenous Americans who
reached that continent as captives, visitors, emissaries, and sailors
after 1492 and who have had a powerful genetic, cultural and
intellectual impact upon European developments. This part of the story
has been severely neglected by scholarship which has remained largely
unconcerned about Original American influences upon European physical
and cultural evolution.
THE AMERICAN DISCOVERY OF EUROPE will
require a reevaluation about how American history, including the history
of the Americas, is written and taught. Certainly it is an exciting
project, which opens up thousands of years of new time-depth for
historians and others to work in, breaking down the notion that only
archaeologists should deal with pre-1492 America's past. Even more, it
transforms Native Americans from mere objects which are acted upon into
actors participating not only in American history, but in world history
as well.
Here is a work that can extend the history of
my people into the pre-history of Europe, visiting there and gathering
information that one day led to the warnings of the
Seven Prophets. It is said that around 900
AD seven prophets came to my people to warn them of the times to come in
which a Light-skinned Race would come to their lands, some of them seeking
cooperation and sharing and others with a long face and sullen attitude who
would try to steal from them and dominate them. They were warned to remove
themselves from their ancestral lands to move far into unknown territory
toward the setting sun. There they would find a haven that would allow them
to maintain their culture while others who remained along the great salt
water would be invaded and overwhelmed by the Light-skinned Race. Thus
began the great migration through Great River into the Great Lakes that
would become the Great Ojibwe Sea and become well-known through the poetry of
Longfellow as Gitchie gumi, a corrupted Ojibwe name for the Great
Sweetwater, Gitchie-gami.
Jack Forbes says of his background that has
lead him to his research into
THE AMERICAN DISCOVERY OF EUROPE:
Growing up as a mixed-blood of part-Native
American ancestry, living among relatives with unique and original
opinions, exposed to very strong and independent aunts and cousins willing
to break with popular conventions, and living in the midst of Mexicans of
Indigenous origin in the countryside of El Monte, California, I was led
thereby at any early age to explore sources about ancient America, north
and south, with an openness of mind, an openness which soon brought me
into conflict with books which pretended that “American” history commenced
in Europe and that the Pilgrims and the Jamestown adventurers were the
“first Americans.” The Native Americans were consciously transformed into
enemies and aliens who were not seen as being actors in the drama of
American history except as enemy warriors or victims of a triumphant
imperialism.
All during high school and college I grappled with the Eurocentric
orientation of most history texts, until, finally, with my first book,
APACHE, NAVAHO, AND SPANIARD, I was able to approach American history from
a perspective which ignored current boundaries and which accepted the
possibility that Native Americans were legitimate actors in their own
history and not simply foil or environment for European adventurers. The
field known as “the new American Indian history” grew partly from that
beginning.
The great challenge that we face as twentieth-first century scholars is to
be able to shift history away from the practice wherein each dominant
group seeks to impose its own vision of the past, and instead to make the
story of an entire land, a whole continent, or even the entire globe the
focus of our research. This is what THE AMERICAN DISCOVERY OF EUROPE
attempts to do. It’s objective is not only to tell part of the story of
ancient America, but to open up our minds to what the very concept of
“American” really means, showing that we do live in a very old part of the
Earth, and a part which has had a significant history which we should no
longer dismiss as “prehistory” or ignore because “Indians” were only
“savages” after all.
The American hemisphere and its original peoples are the focus of this
work. I invite the reader to join me in an adventure, a discovery of what
riches are to be found when we extend our horizon beyond the intellectual
borders conceived in colonialism.
This book will be available in late 2006 or early 2007, but orders can be
sent in at any time I am told.
Comments from other reviews:
"A fascinating book that makes an important .
. . contribution to the subject of pre-Columbian contacts between American
and Europe. . . . Highly recommended."--Choice
"Provocative. . . . Turning the concept of 'discovers' on its head, Forbes
dispels a lot of common assumptions about who 'discovered' whom in the
Americas, in an extensive and fascinating exploration of early maritime
histories of the Native Americans."--Bloomsbury Review
"Forbes makes an unusual and fascinating contribution to the story of the
New and Old Worlds and the links between them, questioning in a welcome way
the truth and ideological sway of orthodox history. He leads his reader
along paths rarely, if ever, trodden, ultimately in search of a fairer
account of native America and its role in the world. This is a quest
Forbes's own ancestry and--not least--keen sense of language well equip him
to undertake. He eminently succeeds."--Gordon Brotherston, author of Image
of the New World: The American Continent Portrayed in Native Texts
"A decisive, independent, and long overdue contribution that pulls the plug
from the inflated icon the Christian West has made of the slaver Christopher
Columbus in his mistaken attempt to reach India."--Hartmut Lutz, professor
of American studies, Greifswald University, Germany
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